retryable error doesn't increment connection timeout number

Looking at the retry specs, we see that:
```
When retrying, use the next host in your array.
When retrying because of a timeout, raise the timeouts like this:
number_of_tries * base_timeout
Example: Search (5s timeout) → Search timeout → Search (10s timeout) → Repeat.
```

At the moment, on the Python API Client we don't use yet the `retry_count` for this.

**Goal**:

1. Multiple timeouts by the number of tries on the line https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-client-python/blob/97a6f15542f6a8951cdbcd0d2881a744ec24e329/algoliasearch/http/transporter.py#L72.

2. Add a test on it.

Implementation on C#: https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-client-csharp/blob/42ab1842f859df87482602b12d5cb714bfa8ec71/src/Algolia.Search/Transport/HttpTransport.cs#L118

从 algoliasearch/http/transporter.py 中链接的那一行开始，参考 C# 实现，检查有关超时行为的重试规范。添加一个覆盖超时随重试次数增长的测试，并在可重试的连接超时按指定方式增加且测试通过时，认为工作已完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。