retryable error doesn't increment connection timeout number

Looking at the retry specs, we see that:
```
When retrying, use the next host in your array.
When retrying because of a timeout, raise the timeouts like this:
number_of_tries * base_timeout
Example: Search (5s timeout) → Search timeout → Search (10s timeout) → Repeat.
```

At the moment, on the Python API Client we don't use yet the `retry_count` for this.

**Goal**:

1. Multiple timeouts by the number of tries on the line https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-client-python/blob/97a6f15542f6a8951cdbcd0d2881a744ec24e329/algoliasearch/http/transporter.py#L72.

2. Add a test on it.

Implementation on C#: https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-client-csharp/blob/42ab1842f859df87482602b12d5cb714bfa8ec71/src/Algolia.Search/Transport/HttpTransport.cs#L118

Inizia in algoliasearch/http/transporter.py, alla riga collegata, e rivedi le specifiche dei retry per il comportamento del timeout, usando l’implementazione C# come riferimento. Aggiungi un test che verifichi la crescita del timeout in base al numero di retry e considera concluso il lavoro quando il timeout di connessione ritentabile aumenta come specificato e il test passa.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.