[Feature Request] Handle edge case of recursive exceptions in failure converter

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

It is kind of an easy mistake to do in python:

try:
    raise ValueError("test")
except Exception as e:
    raise e from e

The re-raised exception will have e.__cause__ referencing itself resulting in failure to serialize error and python sdk won't report anything resulting in retries and startToClose timeouts.

Describe the solution you'd like

Handle a case when e.__cause__ == e in DefaultFailureConverter. Created a dummy pull request #696

Additional context

https://temporalio.slack.com/archives/CTT84RS0P/p1719632201314119

Commencez par DefaultFailureConverter et examinez l’exemple d’exception récursive dans l’issue, puis inspectez la pull request factice #696 pour connaître le périmètre proposé. Le travail est terminé lorsque le cas cause autoréférentiel n’échoue plus lors de la sérialisation et que le Python SDK peut le signaler.