Spaces in folder name breaks iOS build

Description

Noticed this change while investigating #54140, but having a space in your folder name still results in a broken build (at least with the default XCode build phases).

A fix that seems to work for me is changing the "Bundle React code" build phase to include extra quotes to double wrap the file paths like so:

set -e

WITH_ENVIRONMENT="\"$REACT_NATIVE_PATH/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh\""
REACT_NATIVE_XCODE="\"$REACT_NATIVE_PATH/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh\""

/bin/sh -c "$WITH_ENVIRONMENT $REACT_NATIVE_XCODE"

Steps to reproduce

1. Clone the repo, yarn, pod install.
2. Change the directory name to one with spaces (e.g. mv repo "space bug")
3. Optionally add set -x to the "Bundle React Native code and images" build phase to view the shell commands executed.
4. Attempt to build the xcode workspace.

React Native Version

0.82.0

Affected Platforms

Build - MacOS

Output of npx @react-native-community/cli info

System:
  OS: macOS 15.5
  CPU: (10) arm64 Apple M1 Pro
  Memory: 220.09 MB / 16.00 GB
  Shell:
    version: "5.9"
    path: /bin/zsh
Binaries:
  Node:
    version: 22.17.1
    path: /Users/davidliu/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/node
  Yarn:
    version: 3.6.4
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
  npm:
    version: 10.9.2
    path: /Users/davidliu/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/npm
  Watchman:
    version: 2025.02.17.00
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/watchman
Managers:
  CocoaPods:
    version: 1.16.2
    path: /Users/davidliu/.rbenv/shims/pod
SDKs:
  iOS SDK:
    Platforms:
      - DriverKit 24.5
      - iOS 18.5
      - macOS 15.5
      - tvOS 18.5
      - visionOS 2.5
      - watchOS 11.5
  Android SDK:
    API Levels:
      - "24"
      - "27"
      - "28"
      - "29"
      - "30"
      - "31"
      - "32"
      - "33"
      - "34"
      - "35"
      - "36"
    Build Tools:
      - 27.0.3
      - 28.0.3
      - 29.0.0
      - 29.0.2
      - 30.0.2
      - 30.0.3
      - 31.0.0
      - 32.0.0
      - 33.0.0
      - 33.0.1
      - 33.0.2
      - 34.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 36.0.0
    Android NDK: Not Found
IDEs:
  Android Studio: 2025.1 AI-251.26094.121.2512.13840223
  Xcode:
    version: 16.4/16F6
    path: /usr/bin/xcodebuild
Languages:
  Java:
    version: 17.0.14
    path: /opt/homebrew/opt/sdkman-cli/libexec/candidates/java/current/bin/javac
  Ruby:
    version: 3.3.5
    path: /Users/davidliu/.rbenv/shims/ruby
npmPackages:
  "@react-native-community/cli":
    installed: 20.0.0
    wanted: 20.0.0
  react:
    installed: 19.1.1
    wanted: 19.1.1
  react-native:
    installed: 0.82.0
    wanted: 0.82.0
  react-native-macos: Not Found
npmGlobalPackages:
  "*react-native*": Not Found
Android:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true
iOS:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true

Stacktrace or Logs

+ WITH_ENVIRONMENT='/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh'
+ REACT_NATIVE_XCODE='/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh'
+ /bin/sh -c '/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh /Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh'
/bin/sh: /Users/davidliu/github/space: No such file or directory

MANDATORY Reproducer

https://github.com/davidliu/react-native-space-bug

Screenshots and Videos

No response

Start with the Bundle React code and images build phase and the scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh and scripts/react-native-xcode.sh entry points shown in the logs. Reproduce the build after moving the repository into a path containing spaces, then verify the Xcode workspace builds successfully from that path.