[docutils] Allow directive subclasses to type their options

Directive.options is annotated as dict[str, Incomplete]. Although each
directive subclass knows the keys and converted value types defined by its
option_spec, it cannot express that shape, forcing downstream code to
propagate Any or add casts and suppressions. One example is
https://github.com/adamtheturtle/sphinx-literalizer/pull/516.

Could Directive accept an option-mapping type parameter, defaulting to the
current incomplete mapping for compatibility? This would let subclasses use a
TypedDict for their converted options. Other designs that allow subclasses to
specialize options would also solve the problem.

Comienza en el punto de entrada de Directive de docutils, centrándote en la relación entre la anotación de options y option_spec. Explora cómo un parámetro genérico de mapeo de opciones podría conservar de forma predeterminada el mapeo incompleto actual y permitir que las subclases usen TypedDict; se considera terminado cuando el código descendente puede obtener tipos de opciones convertidos y especializados sin Any, casts ni suppressions.