Mapping overloads cause incorrect variance inference

https://mypy-play.net/?gist=42b235155079dd44a79e66cbcffb0060

from collections.abc import Mapping

class A: ...
class B(A): ...

def test_mapping() -> None:
    class MyMapping[K, V](Mapping[K, V]): ...

    def _0[K](arg: Mapping[K, B]) -> Mapping[K, A]: return arg
    def _1[K](arg: MyMapping[K, B]) -> MyMapping[K, A]: return arg  # ❌️

mypy doesn't seem to reuse known variance of parent classes, but instead rechecks everything. For mapping, this breaks and mypy incorrectly infers invariance in the value type because of:

https://github.com/python/typeshed/blob/a9fbf47e676865bd5bcd94e121624d9e4b53c882/stdlib/typing.pyi#L787-L788

While I do think mypy could improve this behavior on their side, we really, really should avoid using covariant parameters in contravariant positions, especially with the knowledge that it can screw up variance inference when using 3.12 style annotations.

Commencez par reproduire l’exemple fourni dans le mypy playground, puis examinez les définitions de Mapping aux lignes 787-788 de typeshed typing.pyi indiquées. Déterminez comment leurs annotations de variance interagissent avec l’exemple 3.12-style MyMapping ; le travail est considéré comme terminé lorsque l’exemple ne produit plus l’erreur de variance incorrecte sans introduire un problème d’annotation équivalent.