Support generic upper bounds

Feature

Allow generic upper bounds such as:

class ClassA[T, S: Sequence[T]]: ...

Pitch

PEP 695 has an example that currently doesn't work, and alludes to a future extension to the typesystem that eliminates the limitation:

# The following generates no compiler error, but a type checker
# should generate an error because an upper bound type must be concrete,
# and ``Sequence[S]`` is generic. Future extensions to the type system may
# eliminate this limitation.
class ClassA[S, T: Sequence[S]]: ...

I ran into a usecase for this that I have no way of expressing with the current generics limitations, and generic upper bounds would solve it. I will provide a simpler version of it here so it's easier to discuss.

from typing import Callable, Iterable, Sequence

type CostFunction[T] = Callable[[T], float]

# Sequence[T] gives an error, because T is not concrete
def get_lowest_cost_sequence[T, S: Sequence[T]](
    seqs: Iterable[S], item_cost: CostFunction[T]
) -> S:
    def seq_cost(seq: S) -> float:
        return sum(item_cost(t) for t in seq)

    return sorted(seqs, key=seq_cost)[0]

In the example, we are working with sequences, and a cost function for each item in the sequences. The crux is that the function must return the same type as the original sequences. In other words this is an incorrect type signature:

# Return type Sequence[T] is looser, because it does not mean whatever is
# returned will be _the same type_ as what is passed in. Any users of this
# function would have to cast the result for it to expose the same functionality
# as what was in `seqs`.
def get_lowest_cost_sequence[T](
    seqs: Iterable[Sequence[T]], item_cost: CostFunction[T]
) -> Sequence[T]:
    ...

Không có tệp triển khai, bài kiểm thử hoặc điểm vào nào được nêu. Hãy bắt đầu với phần type-parameter-scopes của PEP 695 và các ví dụ trong Issue này, sau đó lần theo cách mypy xử lý các cận trên generic; được xem là hoàn tất khi các cận generic hợp lệ được chấp nhận, còn các cận không cụ thể không hợp lệ vẫn bị từ chối, kèm theo độ bao phủ hồi quy.