Expose `threading.Semaphore._value`

Feature or enhancement

It would be useful to be able to access the value of threading.Semaphore._value as part of the public API of Semaphore, say via a get_value method.

Pitch

The value is useful for debugging and testing, helping users to understand the state and invariants of their code. There is also educational value in allowing users to see the internal state of a Semaphore, seeing as how it's an important concurrency primitive.

https://cs.github.com/?scopeName=All+repos&scope=&q=semaphore._value+language%3Apython# finds 68 uses of the exact phrase "semaphore._value" on Github, so I'm not alone in wanting access to this (although several of these are asyncio.locks.Semaphore).

Previous discussion

asyncio.locks.Semaphore has a locked method that exposes whether the value of the Semaphore is zero. It does appear that many of the uses are comparing the value to zero, so adding a locked method to threading.Semaphore would be sufficient for a lot of usage.

While writing this issue, I noticed that in 3.11, threading.Semaphore has its value printed in __repr__ (changed in #20534, the bpo mentions "expose their public states" as the rationale)

It looks like multiprocesing.Semaphore has an undocumented get_value method (although there is an issue about potentially removing it https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/84974 )

Bắt đầu với threading.Semaphore và hành vi repr hiện tại của nó, sau đó so sánh asyncio.locks.Semaphore.locked với multiprocessing.Semaphore.get_value. Xác định liệu API công khai nên cung cấp giá trị hay chỉ trạng thái bằng không của nó, đồng thời xem xét thảo luận và lý do hiện có trước khi xác định các bài kiểm thử và tài liệu cho giao diện được chọn.