multiprocessing race condition on flushing stdout, deadlocks child on exit

I experienced deadlocks when using the logging example for multiprocessing, where a QueueHandler is used.

I found that sometimes a multiprocessing process is not terminating, when it has put an element in a Queue,
even if the parent process runs a thread to empty the queue and successfully retrieved the item.

The worker looks like this:

def worker(q):
    q.put(current_process().name)
    return

and while this works:

workers = []
for i in range(15):
    p = Process(target=worker, args=(logq,), name=f"Worker {i+1}")
    workers.append(p)

for p in workers:
    p.start()
    time.sleep(.1)

removing the sleep leads to a very high propability of deadlocking when I then try to join the processes, e.g,:

for w in workers:
    print(f'trying to join on {w.name}, alive={w.is_alive()}, exitcode={w.exitcode}', w.name, w.is_alive(), w.exitcode)
    w.join()

The Process is still marked as alive, hitting Ctrl+C gives this:

trying to join on Worker 14, alive=True, exitcode=None Worker 14 True None

^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/fls/pybug/deadlock.py", line 43, in <module>
    w.join()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/process.py", line 149, in join
    res = self._popen.wait(timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py", line 43, in wait
    return self.poll(os.WNOHANG if timeout == 0.0 else 0)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py", line 27, in poll
    pid, sts = os.waitpid(self.pid, flag)
KeyboardInterrupt

Can reproduce using Python 3.9.10 and 3.10.4 on Linux:

import time
import threading
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, current_process

def logger_thread(q: Queue):
    while True:
        record = q.get()
        if record is None:
            break
        print("logrecord: ", record)

def worker(q):
    q.put(current_process().name)
    return

logq = Queue()

lp = threading.Thread(target=logger_thread, args=(logq,), daemon=True)
lp.start()

workers = []
for i in range(15):
    p = Process(target=worker, args=(logq,), name=f"Worker {i+1}")
    workers.append(p)

print("starting workers")

for p in workers:
    p.start()
    # no deadlock when added:
    # time.sleep(.1)

print("waiting a bit")
time.sleep(1)
print("trying to join workers")

for w in workers:
    print(f'trying to join on {w.name}, alive={w.is_alive()}, exitcode={w.exitcode}', w.name, w.is_alive(), w.exitcode)
    w.join()
    print(f'joined on {w.name}', w.name)

logq.put(None)
lp.join()

まず、報告された Python バージョンを使って Linux 上で提供された multiprocessing の再現手順を実行し、次に multiprocessing Queue と子プロセスの終了パスを調査します。これには、トレースバックに示されている multiprocessing/process.py と multiprocessing/popen_fork.py のパスも含まれます。Queue の項目が取得された後にワーカーが確実に join でき、再現されたケースに対するリグレッションテストのカバレッジがあることを完了条件とします。