Improve performance by using reference stealing methods

Feature or enhancement

Proposal:

We can improve performance of cpython by using stealing methods (_PyList_AppendTakeRef, _PyDict_SetItem_Take2, PyTuple_FromPairSteal etc.) instead of the normal ones. Using stealing methods we typically avoid an incref/decref pair and sometimes error handling is simplified. We should only make changes where it makes a performance impact, the code is not more complex and the modules or methods affected are performance critical.

A list of possible cases (there might be more).

Update: Most cases already have an open PR, for new ones please open a separate issue.

Linked PRs

• gh-150943
• gh-150945
• gh-150995
• gh-151002
• gh-151062
• gh-151209
• gh-151608
• gh-153013
• gh-154860
• gh-155171
• gh-155304
• gh-155922
• gh-155940
• gh-155957
• gh-156055
• gh-156199

检查列出的 C 位置，包括 Modules/_csv.c、Modules/pyexpat.c、Modules/_elementtree.c，以及 _io、Objects、_pickle 和 _asynciomodule 中的文件。首先检查已关联的 PR，确认哪些情况已经覆盖；任何剩余工作都应拆分为一个单独且范围明确的 issue，并配有相关的性能测试。完成的标准是：在不增加复杂性的情况下修改一个选定的性能关键情况，并验证其行为和性能。