Use `dict.setdefault()` in functools caching for better thread-safety

Feature or enhancement

Proposal:

Currently, functools.cache family of functions uses _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash. But I am wondering if it shouldn't use SetDefault style access at basically no-cost?

That way, when working with many threads, while multiple evaluations are still possible, all threads are guaranteed to end up with the same object.
There may be great reasons why that isn't wanted, but on first sight it seems like a simple and practically free way to remove a pit-fall for threaded code.
(Of course building a custom version that does this is easy, but functools.cache is great and used quite a lot.)

Admittedly, an optional once= would also be a very cool feature (or maybe as a dedicated pattern).

Has this already been discussed elsewhere?

This is a minor feature, which does not need previous discussion elsewhere

Links to previous discussion of this feature:

No response

Linked PRs

• gh-154069

先從 issue 中對 functools.cache、_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash 和 SetDefault 的描述開始，然後檢視連結的 PR gh-154069。在進行任何變更之前，確定預期的執行緒安全性和物件身分語義；只有在設計獲得接受並完成相應的實作和測試後，才能算作完成。