defining a `typing.Protocol` with `__annotate__` method raises `TypeError` since Python 3.14

Bug report

Bug description:

from annotationlib import Format
from collections.abc import Mapping
from typing import Any, Protocol


class CanAnnotate(Protocol):
    def __annotate__(self, format: Format, /) -> Mapping[str, Any]: ...

On Python 3.14.3 and 3.15.0a7 this results in a TypeError:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/typing.py", line 1853, in _get_protocol_attrs
    annotations = base.__annotations__
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: CanAnnotate.__annotate__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'format'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/joren/Workspace/optype/repro.py", line 6, in <module>
    class CanAnnotate(Protocol):
        def __annotate__(self, format: Format, /) -> Mapping[str, Any]: ...
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/typing.py", line 1999, in __init__
    cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/typing.py", line 1856, in _get_protocol_attrs
    annotations = _lazy_annotationlib.get_annotations(
        base, format=_lazy_annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF
    )
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/annotationlib.py", line 982, in get_annotations
    ann = _get_and_call_annotate(obj, format)
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/annotationlib.py", line 1121, in _get_and_call_annotate
    ann = call_annotate_function(annotate, format, owner=obj)
  File "/home/joren/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14.3-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.14/annotationlib.py", line 720, in call_annotate_function
    return annotate(format)
TypeError: CanAnnotate.__annotate__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'format'

On Python 3.13 (when you replace the annotationlib.Format with Any), there is no error.

CPython versions tested on:

3.14

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Linked PRs

• gh-151899

Bắt đầu với _get_protocol_attrs trong typing.py và đường dẫn xử lý annotation trong annotationlib.py, đặc biệt là get_annotations và call_annotate_function. Tái hiện ví dụ CanAnnotate trên Python 3.14, sau đó xác minh rằng việc định nghĩa protocol không còn gây ra TypeError mà không làm hỏng quá trình đánh giá annotation.