`isinstance` removes `cls.__dict__["__annotations__"]` in a complex setup with Protocol and ABCMeta

Bug report

Bug description:

import abc
from collections.abc import Iterator
from typing import Protocol

# ---- Expected behavior:
class Steppable(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
  pass

class Module:
  @classmethod
  def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs) -> None:
    super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
    name, annotation, default = "name", str | None, "abc"
    cls.__annotations__[name] = annotation
    setattr(cls, name, default)


class SequenceLayer1(Module, Steppable):
  pass


print(SequenceLayer1.__dict__.get("__annotations__"))
# {'name': str | None}
assert SequenceLayer1.__dict__.get("__annotations__") is not None


# ---- Unexpected behavior:
class CheckpointableIterator(Iterator, Protocol):
  pass

isinstance(CheckpointableIterator, Iterator)

class SequenceLayer2(Module, Steppable):
  pass

print(SequenceLayer2.__dict__.get("__annotations__"))
# None
assert SequenceLayer2.__dict__.get("__annotations__") is not None

• Failing on 3.12 and 3.13
• Passing on 3.11 and 3.14 (For 3.14 it is expected to have __dict__["__annotations__"] missing)

CPython versions tested on:

3.12

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

在 Python 3.12 和 3.13 上运行涉及 Module.init_subclass、CheckpointableIterator、Protocol、ABCMeta 和 isinstance 的复现程序，然后与 3.11 和 3.14 进行比较。跟踪 SequenceLayer1 和 SequenceLayer2 如何接收 annotations，并确定第二个类在哪一处丢失了它的条目。完成的标准是解释清楚该行为，并且有一个回归测试覆盖受影响的版本范围。