Add a new parameter to `@dataclass` to optionally turn off the synthesizing of a `__replace__` method

Feature or enhancement

Proposal:

Most (all?) synthesized methods on dataclasses can be turned off:

• __init__ -> init=False
• __repr__ -> repr=False
• __eq__ -> eq=False
• __match_args__ -> match_args=False
• __slots__ -> slots=False
• __lt__(), __le__(), __gt__(), __ge__() -> order=False

But __replace__ cannot be turned off, which presents a problem for generic dataclasses: https://discuss.python.org/t/make-replace-stop-interfering-with-variance-inference/96092/

I propose this

@dataclass(replace=False)
class D:
    x: int

to create a dataclass without __replace__ method.

As far as I can tell, all that's needed is to put a guard around this line:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/a4709e525f5bc3a1719b33f52377cccb2af70278/Lib/dataclasses.py#L1098

Has this already been discussed elsewhere?

I have already discussed this feature proposal on Discourse

Links to previous discussion of this feature:

I proposed it in this comment on the DPO thread: https://discuss.python.org/t/make-replace-stop-interfering-with-variance-inference/96092/19

从 Lib/dataclasses.py 中合成 replace 的链接行开始，检查周围的 dataclass 参数处理。完成标准是：replace=False 的 dataclass 不会获得 replace，同时默认行为保持不变；根据需要添加或更新相关的 dataclasses 测试。