Add a new parameter to `@dataclass` to optionally turn off the synthesizing of a `__replace__` method

Feature or enhancement

Proposal:

Most (all?) synthesized methods on dataclasses can be turned off:

• __init__ -> init=False
• __repr__ -> repr=False
• __eq__ -> eq=False
• __match_args__ -> match_args=False
• __slots__ -> slots=False
• __lt__(), __le__(), __gt__(), __ge__() -> order=False

But __replace__ cannot be turned off, which presents a problem for generic dataclasses: https://discuss.python.org/t/make-replace-stop-interfering-with-variance-inference/96092/

I propose this

@dataclass(replace=False)
class D:
    x: int

to create a dataclass without __replace__ method.

As far as I can tell, all that's needed is to put a guard around this line:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/a4709e525f5bc3a1719b33f52377cccb2af70278/Lib/dataclasses.py#L1098

Has this already been discussed elsewhere?

I have already discussed this feature proposal on Discourse

Links to previous discussion of this feature:

I proposed it in this comment on the DPO thread: https://discuss.python.org/t/make-replace-stop-interfering-with-variance-inference/96092/19

Beginne in Lib/dataclasses.py bei der verlinkten Zeile, in der replace erzeugt wird, und untersuche die Verarbeitung der umgebenden dataclass-Parameter. Erledigt ist die Aufgabe, wenn eine replace=False-dataclass kein replace erhält, während das Standardverhalten unverändert bleibt; füge die relevanten dataclasses-Tests bei Bedarf hinzu oder aktualisiere sie.