Error [ERR_INTERNAL_ASSERTION]: Unexpected module status 0. Cannot require() ES Module ... because it is not yet fully loaded.

Version

25.8.0

Platform

Linux nic-desktop 6.17.0-14-generic #14-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jan  9 17:01:16 UTC 2026 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Subsystem

require(esm)

What steps will reproduce the bug?

1. Clone https://github.com/nicolo-ribaudo/babel-polyfills/tree/nodejs-bug
2. Run yarn && yarn build
3. Run yarn jest es-shims

Note that this is not using Jest's vm-based ESM support. It's using jest-light-runner to run directly in native Node.js ESM.

How often does it reproduce? Is there a required condition?

Consistently. Note that if I run only one test (yarn jest es-shims -t "tepmlate tag") it does not fail.

What is the expected behavior? Why is that the expected behavior?

That it does not tell me to submit a bug report :P

What do you see instead?

    Error [ERR_INTERNAL_ASSERTION]: [BABEL]: Unexpected module status 0. Cannot require() ES Module /home/nic/Documents/dev/github.com/babel/babel-polyfills/packages/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims/lib/index.js because it is not yet fully loaded.
    This may be caused by a race condition if the module is simultaneously dynamically import()-ed via Promise.all().
    Try await-ing the import() sequentially in a loop instead.
     (From /home/nic/Documents/dev/github.com/babel/babel-polyfills/packages/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims/test/node_modules/@@/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims.js in non-loader-hook thread)
    This is caused by either a bug in Node.js or incorrect usage of Node.js internals.
    Please open an issue with this stack trace at https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues
     (While processing: /home/nic/Documents/dev/github.com/babel/babel-polyfills/packages/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims/test/node_modules/@@/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims.js)
        at assert.fail (node:internal/assert:17:9)
        at ModuleLoader.importSyncForRequire (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:358:16)
        at loadESMFromCJS (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1620:24)
        at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1785:5)
        at Object..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1934:10)
        at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1524:32)
        at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1326:12)
        at TracingChannel.traceSync (node:diagnostics_channel:328:14)
        at wrapModuleLoad (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:245:24)
        at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1547:12)
        at require (node:internal/modules/helpers:152:16)
        at Object.<anonymous> (/home/nic/Documents/dev/github.com/babel/babel-polyfills/packages/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims/test/node_modules/@@/babel-plugin-polyfill-es-shims.js:1:18)
        at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1803:14)
        at Object..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1934:10)
        at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1524:32)
        at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1326:12)
        at TracingChannel.traceSync (node:diagnostics_channel:328:14)
        at wrapModuleLoad (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:245:24)
        at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1547:12)
        at require (node:internal/modules/helpers:152:16)

Additional information

No response

Tái hiện lỗi bằng các lệnh babel-polyfills trong issue, sau đó bắt đầu từ ModuleLoader.importSyncForRequire trong node:internal/modules/esm/loader và các mục liên quan trong stack của loader CommonJS. So sánh hành vi của một test đơn với toàn bộ test suite, đồng thời sử dụng đường dẫn require(esm) được báo cáo để theo dõi trạng thái tải module. Hoàn tất khi bản tái hiện được cung cấp không còn gây ra assertion nội bộ.