Relative `require()` in `commonjs` source not processed by ESM Loader

Version

v22.2.0

Platform

Darwin mac.local 23.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 23.4.0: Fri Mar 15 00:12:49 PDT 2024; root:xnu-10063.101.17~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6020 arm64

Subsystem

No response

What steps will reproduce the bug?

'use strict';

require('node:module').register(
  'data:text/javascript,' + `
  import assert from 'node:assert';
  
  export ${encodeURIComponent(
    function resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
      console.log({ specifier, context });
      return nextResolve(specifier, context);
    },
  )}
  
  export ${encodeURIComponent(
    function load(url, context, nextLoad) {
      if (url === 'custom:cjs') {
        return {
          format: 'commonjs',
          source: 'console.log(require("./relative"))',
          shortCircuit: true,
        };
      }
      return nextLoad(url, context);
    }
  )}
  `,
);

import('custom:cjs').then(console.log, console.error);

How often does it reproduce? Is there a required condition?

Consistently

What is the expected behavior? Why is that the expected behavior?

The load hook doc says:

When a source is provided, all require calls from this module will be processed by the ESM loader with registered resolve and load hooks

https://nodejs.org/api/module.html#resolvespecifier-context-nextresolve:~:text=When%20a%20source,will%20not%20apply.

What do you see instead?

require() calls with relative path are still processed by the CommonJS loader

Error: Cannot find module './relative'
Require stack:
- custom:cjs
    at Module._resolveFilename (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1186:15)
    at require (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:195:30)
    at Object.<anonymous> (custom:cjs:1:13)
    at loadCJSModule (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:223:3)
    at ModuleWrap.<anonymous> (node:internal/modules/esm/translators:258:7)
    at ModuleJob.run (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:262:25)
    at async ModuleLoader.import (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:475:24) {
  code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
  requireStack: [ 'custom:cjs' ]
}

Additional information

No response

Start by running the provided reproduction on Node.js v22.2.0 and trace the ESM loader and CommonJS translator frames shown in the stack. Done means a relative require from hook-provided CommonJS source is processed through the registered resolve and load hooks, as stated in the load-hook documentation.