Server.call_tool()'s input-validation error result discards jsonschema.ValidationError's structured fields, leaving only free-text prose

Summary

Server.call_tool()'s low-level dispatch validates tool arguments against tool.inputSchema and, on failure, builds the error result like this:

try:
    jsonschema.validate(instance=arguments, schema=tool.inputSchema)
except jsonschema.ValidationError as e:
    return self._make_error_result(f"Input validation error: {e.message}")

_make_error_result produces CallToolResult(content=[TextContent(text=error_message)], isError=True) — no code, no structured data, nothing beyond the interpolated message string. jsonschema.ValidationError carries several structured attributes that would make a good stable identifier — e.validator (e.g. "type", "required", "enum", "additionalProperties"), e.schema_path, e.json_path — but all of them are discarded before the text crosses the transport (stdio, in our case).

Why this matters

A client that wants to programmatically distinguish why a tool call was rejected (missing required field vs. wrong type vs. enum mismatch, etc.) currently has no option but to regex e.message. That's brittle by construction: jsonschema's message wording already varies per validator keyword ("'X' is not of type 'Y'", "'X' is a required property", "'X' is not one of [...]", ...) with no shared machine-readable code across them, and nothing upstream commits to keeping that wording stable across jsonschema versions.

We hit this trying to classify tool-call failures from an MCP server (google-analytics-mcp, built on this SDK's low-level Server class) into "agent-fixable bad input" vs. "genuine server fault" for log-severity purposes, and had to give up — there's no code or structured field anywhere in the CallToolResult to key on, only the interpolated message. Confirmed this isn't something a well-behaved MCP client (or our own client's JSON-RPC handling) is dropping — the schema-validation error result is a normal JSON-RPC success envelope wrapping isError: true, and _make_error_result simply never puts anything but a message string into it.

Suggested fix

Forward e.validator (and ideally e.schema_path/e.json_path) into a structured data field on the error result, alongside the existing human-readable message — e.g. _make_error_result(message, data={"validator": e.validator, "schema_path": list(e.schema_path)}) — so any server built on the low-level Server class gets locale-stable, machine-readable input-validation errors "for free," without every server author having to reimplement schema validation themselves to get one.

Happy to provide a full repro (raw JSON-RPC request/response) if useful.

Bắt đầu từ Server.call_tool() và _make_error_result(), sau đó lần theo cấu trúc CallToolResult được JSON-RPC transport sử dụng. Kiểm tra các test hiện có cho việc validation input-schema và error result. Được xem là hoàn tất khi các lỗi validation vẫn giữ nguyên thông báo dễ đọc hiện tại, đồng thời cung cấp các trường có cấu trúc ổn định như validator và schema path.