Suggestion: Allow local types to be declared in interfaces

I have something like this:

export interface Reducer<State, Types extends Action<string, any>> {

    add<TypeName extends string, Payload>(action: {
        type: TypeName,
        reduce: (state: State, action: Payload) => State
    }): Reducer<State, Types | Action<TypeName, Payload>>;

    readonly cursorType: Cursor<State, Types>;
}

The details aren't that important except to illustrate that a Reducer is immutable, and has an add method that returns another Reducer, but see that the return type has something extra "unioned" into it. By repeated chained calls to add I can build up a big nasty old type that would be ugly to have fully declare by hand. Fortunately type inference takes care of building the type for me, which is great.

Then elsewhere in my code I want to be able to declare something called a "cursor", which needs to have a type that corresponds to the reducer's type. The cursor could be a field in a class so I need to be able to refer to the type so I can declare such a field.

So I want to provide a simple way to declare a const of the type "correct kind of cursor for a given reducer", leveraging the work that the TS compiler already did for me with its type inference.

My slightly hacky approach, as shown above, is to declare a readonly field cursorType. The value of this is at runtime is junk and should not be used! So I need a "here be dragons" comment on it. Its only purpose is to be prefixed with typeof, e.g.:

const R = getReducerSomehow();

class Test {
    constructor(public readonly myCursor: typeof R.cursorType) { }
}

To fill in the cursorType field of a Reducer I have to do this filth:

newReducer.cursorType = {} as Cursor<State, Types>;

So cursorType really should never be used as a value. It doesn't even need to exist as a value. It will cause a runtime error if anyone tries to used it as a cursor. Ugh. But how else can I make this elaborately computed type available conveniently?

I'm wondering if TS could allow:

export interface Reducer<State, Types extends Action<string, any>> {

    add<TypeName extends string, Payload>(action: {
        type: TypeName,
        reduce: (state: State, action: Payload) => State
    }): Reducer<State, Types | Action<TypeName, Payload>>;

    // not currently possible:
    type CursorType = Cursor<State, Types>;
}

i.e. a type alias can be added to an interface. So now my implementation of Reducer no longer has to do anything. No nasty dummy runtime variable hack required.

And my usage example becomes:

const R = getReducerSomehow();

class Test {
    constructor(public readonly myCursor: R.CursorType) { }
}

That is, CursorType is a type that can be referred to as if it was a member of an instance. Similar I guess to:

namespace N {
    export type S = string;
}

const s: N.S = "hi";

In which N is an object at runtime and yet can also be used to find the type S.

Bắt đầu từ các ví dụ về Reducer, Cursor và CursorType được đề xuất trong issue, sau đó tìm hiểu cách TypeScript biểu diễn các thành viên interface và type alias. Xác định các điểm vào của compiler và những test cần thiết cho các type alias được định danh theo instance; hoàn thành khi cú pháp được đề xuất vượt qua kiểm tra kiểu mà không cần một field lúc runtime, đồng thời vẫn giữ nguyên hành vi hiện có của interface.