Design Meeting Notes, 2026-08-27

# Negated Types (`not T`)

https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/63926

* If you think about a venn diagram of `A` and `B` overlapping where `A & B` is the overlap, `not A` is all the area outside of `A`, `not (A & B)` is the inverse color of that original overlap.
* Fresh object types are closed -
* Talked about this before, have a feeling it's more relevant today.
* Like what?
* Something like a `--noUnusedReturnedValues`
* Don't want to forget
* People use `void`, but this accepts `Promise`s that need to be `await`ed.
* Can have an `ignore` to help here.

```ts
function ignore(value: not PromiseLike): void {}
```
* `` `foo${string & not "reserved-key"}` ``
* `` Record<`on${string & not keyof EventNames}`, unknown> ``
* Can also do narrowing for carve outs of infinite sets.

```ts
function divide(a: number, b: number & not 0): number {
return a / b;
}

function doStuff(someValue: number) {
if (someValue !== 0) {
divide(10, x); // Okay

// (come back to this below)
const x = someValue;
divide(10, x); // ...
}
else {
divide(10, someValue); // Should error!
}
}
```
* Okay, but how does that work with aliases
* Currently an alias loses that information.
* That is super surprising.
* What are the old issues that this avoids?
* We had a prototype that swapped out our fact-tracking system in control flow analysis and replaced it with negated type tracking.
* But this was computationally intensive.
* This PR introduces negations only for specific types of control flow narrowing in the false branch where we needed to track that info.
* Only requests negation when a use-site of a binding needs negation.
* Done based on the contextual type at that use-site.
* We actually have similar logic here for when we narrow generic parameters in the body of a function!
* Very similar precedent here.
* Do you want the most precise type to be inferred
* e.g. type narrowing conditionals (come back to this?)
* We also infer type predicates for you now.
* Negated types seem useful over the set of primitives, and often works well enough in the object hierarchy, but doesn't really make sense to have a provable negated object type.
* An `object` doesn't necessarily exclude a `Promise` or a `Function`.
* But all sorts of checks like this are all heuristics-based.
* Could have a switch to check for negations?
* But is this a strictness thing?
* Feels like no - weird.
* Does this feel consistent?
* Should do this stuff everywhere.
* But if you have a switch case with 200 cases, you'll get 200 `not`s in the default, whether you cared or not. This PR avoids that unless you actually need the negation.
* Let's come back to use-cases.
* `not Promise`
* Control flow issues.
* With this PR, it is very nice that it's both faster and that you don't see the `not`s in hover unless you need.
* We do want to experiment a bit more with decomposing existing primitives here. There are some unknown unknowns here.
* Is `object` equivalent to `{} & not number & not string & not boolean & not symbol`?
* Is `{}` equivalent to `not null & not undefined`?
* Maybe `Extract` and `Exclude` can be defined in this way?
* Or rather, have the compiler produce intersections of negations wherever we otherwise produce these.
* Aside: added a specific mechanism for reducing intersections in the presence of negations.
* What does negation mean in the presence of optional properties?
* `not { optionalProp?: Type }`
* Out of time!

Bắt đầu bằng việc đọc ghi chú cuộc họp và PR #63926 được liên kết, tập trung vào các kiểu bị phủ định, việc thu hẹp luồng điều khiển, các bí danh và các thuộc tính tùy chọn. Ghi chú chứa các câu hỏi thiết kế còn bỏ ngỏ nhưng không nêu tên tệp, bài kiểm thử, điểm vào hoặc tiêu chí hoàn thành nào, vì vậy cần thảo luận thêm và xác định phạm vi trước khi triển khai.

Do mô hình lập chỉ mục viết ra từ nội dung của issue.