Add a compiler option to error on destructuring a string as an array

まだ誰も着手していません。

### 🔍 Search Terms

string destructuring

### ✅ Viability Checklist

- [x] This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript/JavaScript code
- [x] This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
- [x] This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
- [x] This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. library functionality, non-ECMAScript syntax with JavaScript output, new syntax sugar for JS, etc.)
- [x] This isn't a request to add a new utility type: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/No-New-Utility-Types
- [x] This feature would agree with the rest of our Design Goals: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/TypeScript-Design-Goals

### ⭐ Suggestion

```json
{
"compilerOptions": {
"allowDestructureStringAsArray": false
}
}
```

```typescript
declare const source: string
const [item] = source
// ^^^^^ Error: destructuring string as array is not allowed
```

### 📃 Motivating Example

The codebase is everchanging. Someone might do a refactor that change an expression from returning an array of strings to returning a single string. TypeScript which was supposed to catch mistakes like this would fail.

```diff
-return Object.entries(myObject)
+return Object.keys()
.sort(([k1], [k2]) => k1.localeCompare(k2))
```

As you can see in the above example, the developer forgot to also update the `.sort` line, but TypeScript didn't alert it. This mistake is easy to catch in small code, but real code is much bigger and similar mistake would be harder to detect.

### 💻 Use Cases

1. What do you want to use this for? Catching mistake during refactoring or code editing.
2. What shortcomings exist with current approaches? There is no "current approaches".
3. What workarounds are you using in the meantime? There is no workaround, eslint doesn't have such rule, and I doubt it cares about TypeScript's types.

issue にはファイル、テスト、またはコンパイラのエントリポイントが記載されていません。まず、コンパイラオプションがどのように定義され、配列の分割代入がどのように型チェックされるかを追跡してください。既存の動作をデフォルトで維持しながら、新しいオプションによって文字列を配列として分割代入することを拒否でき、示された例のカバレッジが追加されていれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。