Allow creating contantly typed Map which has immutable defined set of keys

Search Terms

map, const, es6

Suggestion

Currently you can create objects and arrays with the as const assertion, which tells the compiler to, for example, type ["apple", "banana", "pear"] as ["apple", "banana", "pear"] rather than as string[]. This is useful for instances where the array is constant and you know you can rely on that.

Typing objects as const is useful for constant maps/dictionaries, however the better type to use in TypeScript for maps is, of course, Map. However, you can't type Map as const, which means you can never have a constant Map that disallows set and delete and also knows whether the result of get is undefined or not, rather than always making it return the type x | undefined.

Note: I know I can just use an object for this instead of a Map. But Map offers many benefits, such as speed and iterability, that objects don't. Also, Map is more explicit about what it is doing.

Examples

Without this feature, I have to do one of the following:

const optionA: Map<string, string> = new Map([
  ["date", "YYYY-MM-DD"],
  ["datetime", "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm"],
  ["datetime-local", "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm"],
  ["month", "YYYY-MM"],
  ["time", "HH:mm"],
  ["week", "YYYY-[W]WW"]
]);

const weekFormat = optionA.get("week") as string; // Forced to use assertion and we still lose data

or

const optionB = {
  date: "YYYY-MM-DD",
  datetime: "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm",
  "datetime-local": "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm",
  month: "YYYY-MM",
  time: "HH:mm",
  week: "YYYY-[W]WW]
} as const; // Have to use object

const weekFormat = optionA.week;

With this feature, I could do:

const optionA = new Map([
  ["date", "YYYY-MM-DD"],
  ["datetime", "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm"],
  ["datetime-local", "YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm"],
  ["month", "YYYY-MM"],
  ["time", "HH:mm"],
  ["week", "YYYY-[W]WW"]
]) as const;

const weekFormat = optionA.get("week"); // type: "YYYY-[W]WW"
optionA.delete("time"); // error
optionA.set("time", "hh:mm"); // error

Checklist

My suggestion meets these guidelines:

• This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript/JavaScript code
• This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
• This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
• This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. library functionality, non-ECMAScript syntax with JavaScript output, etc.)
• This feature would agree with the rest of TypeScript's Design Goals.

Issue で提案されている Map の as const の挙動を、readonly 操作とキー固有の get 結果を含めて確認します。要求された挙動を一貫して実装できるかどうかを判断する前に、型システムのセマンティクスを定義し、関連するコンパイラーのエントリーポイントとテストを特定します。