Separate type application from function application

As discussed in #28931, currently the type application for the function with generic parameters is tied to that function application.

Specialize the value of the function with generics is only possible during the call. So the following compiles fine:

function id<V> (v : V) { return v }

const some : Date = id<Date>(new Date())

But this does not:

function id<V> (v : V) { return v }

type IdDate         = typeof id<Date> // TS1005: ';' expected 

const dateId        = id<Date> // TS1109: Expression expected.

It would be very beneficial to separate type application from function application. For example (the original reason of this request), it will allow mixins with generic parameters:

export type Constructable<T extends any> = new (...args : any[]) => T
export type AnyFunction             = (...input: any[]) => any
export type Mixin<T extends AnyFunction> = InstanceType<ReturnType<T>>

export const Atom = <V, T extends Constructable<Object>>(base : T) =>

class Atom extends base {
    value               : V

    hasValue () : boolean {
        return this.hasOwnProperty('value')
    }
}

export type Atom = Mixin<typeof Atom> // this currently works, but does not have generic argument

export type Atom<V> = Mixin<typeof Atom<V>> // this is the goal

Lee primero la discusión de issue #28931 y luego usa los ejemplos de aquí para identificar la sintaxis prevista y su interacción con las funciones genéricas, las consultas de tipos y los mixins. Se considera terminado cuando la aplicación de tipos propuesta puede usarse independientemente de una llamada a función y los ejemplos mostrados compilan según lo previsto.