Allow more constructs to work as type guards for `unknown`

Search Terms

unknown type guard
Related: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/pull/24439#issuecomment-394185089, https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/25172

Suggestion

Currently, only a very limited set of type guards are able to narrow the new unknown type:

• Array.isArray (because it is a typeguard for arg is any[]) and probably some more in the lib files
• instanceof
• self-written typeguards

However to make working with unknown types less awkward, I'd like to see a couple of other constructs being able to narrow the unknown type:

let x: unknown;
// Direct equality should narrow to the type we compare to
x === "1"; // should narrow x to string or the literal "1" type, similar for other types aswell

// All these should narrow x to {prop: any}
"prop" in x;
x.prop != null;
x.prop !== undefined;
typeof x.prop !== "undefined";

// typeof should work on properties of the unknown variable
typeof x.prop === "string"; // should narrow x to {prop: string}

Use Cases

Make unknown easier to work with!

// before, very verbose!
const x: unknown = undefined!;

function hasProp1(x: any): x is {prop1: any} {
	return "prop1" in x;
}
function hasProp2(x: any): x is {prop2: any} {
	return "prop2" in x;
}
// imagine doing this for many more properties

if (hasProp1(x)) {
	x.prop1;
	if (hasProp2(x)) {
		x.prop2;
	}
}

// ===========

// after, much more concise and less overhead
const x: unknown = undefined!;
if ("prop1" in x) {
	x.prop1;
	if ("prop2" in x) {
		x.prop2;
	}
}

Checklist

My suggestion meets these guidelines:

• This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript / JavaScript code
• This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
• This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
• This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. new expression-level syntax)

Bắt đầu bằng cách đọc bình luận của pull request liên quan và issue 25172, sau đó so sánh nội dung thảo luận của chúng với các ví dụ narrowing trong issue này. Công việc hoàn tất khi các cấu trúc đã thống nhất narrowing unknown theo đúng đặc tả, bao gồm phép so sánh bằng trực tiếp, các kiểm tra thuộc tính, các kiểm tra bằng toán tử in và các kiểm tra typeof trên thuộc tính.