storage: add support for object retention

Please implement the object retention feature. The following operations must be supported:

- [x] Create a bucket with object retention enabled by using the `enableObjectRetention` bucket create boolean option at bucket create time
- [x] Get the object retention enabled status of a bucket
- [x] Create an object with retention enabled (on an retention enabled bucket) by populating the `retention` object at object create time (retention object has the fields `mode` which can be Unlocked or Locked, and `retainUntilTime` which is a timestamp)
- [x] Update retention for an existing object with a patch operation, by passing the `overrideUnlockedRetention` boolean patch option
- [x] Get the retention policy of an object
- [x] Remove retention for an existing object the same way as above

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Support for gRPC is blocked as the protos are not published.

- [ ] Implement FromProto for `BucketObjectRetention`
- [ ] Support `EnableObjectRetention` for gRPC plugin
- [ ] Implement ToProto and FromProto for `ObjectRetention`
- [ ] Support `OverrideUnlockedRetention` for gRPC plugin
- [ ] Support bucket metadata for object retention in the testbench
- [ ] Support object metadata for object retention in the testbench
- [ ] Upgrade the testbench
- [ ] Enable the object retention samples when running against the emulator

Details in go/gcs-object-retention-client-request

You can use the [java implementation](https://github.com/googleapis/java-storage/pull/2277) as a reference.

The kokoro test project should be allowlisted shortly, let me know if you need access to an allowlisted project for your own testing.

We're aiming to get this in by the November code freeze, let me know if you need any help.

go/gcs-object-retention-client-request と、issue にリンクされている Java 実装から始めます。gRPC プラグインの FromProto および ToProto エントリポイントを確認し、その後、checklist で言及されている testbench メタデータとエミュレータサンプルの領域を確認します。unpublished-proto 依存関係を前提として、残りの retention 操作と testbench サポート作業が完了すれば、完了とします。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。