server: add ui-only status endpoint for node info

Exalate commented:

https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pull/71181 --- Release note (ui change): Non-Admin users of the DB Console have regained the ability to view the cluster overview page. Users without the Admin role will still see most data about their nodes but information such as command line arguments, environment variables, and IP addresses and DNS names of nodes will be hidden.

Jira Issue: DOC-1218