🐛 BUG: D1 Database triggers bypass D1 data type validation

### Which Cloudflare product(s) does this pertain to?

D1

### What version(s) of the tool(s) are you using?

3.53.1 [Wrangler]

### What version of Node are you using?

_No response_

### What operating system and version are you using?

Mac Ventura 13.5.2

### Describe the Bug

### Observed behavior
Triggers can bypass column data type validation when updating a row

### Expected behavior
Triggers should be restricted by a column's data type when performing updates

### Steps to reproduce
- Setup:
```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (
id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
val INTEGER NOT NULL
);

CREATE TRIGGER update_on_change AFTER
UPDATE OF val ON test FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE test
SET
val = 'not_an_integer'
WHERE
id = NEW.id;

END;

INSERT INTO test (id, val) VALUES ('test', 1);
```
- Trigger the trigger:
```sql
UPDATE test SET val=2 WHERE id='test'
```
- the `val` column of the `test` row (`val` is defined as an Integer) now contains Text

### Please provide a link to a minimal reproduction

_No response_

### Please provide any relevant error logs

_No response_

Start with the SQL reproduction in this issue using D1 and Wrangler 3.53.1, and verify whether the trigger stores text in the INTEGER column. Trace D1's trigger update path and its data type validation, then confirm that the same update rejects 'not_an_integer' and preserves the column type.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.