🐛 BUG: D1 Database triggers bypass D1 data type validation

### Which Cloudflare product(s) does this pertain to?

D1

### What version(s) of the tool(s) are you using?

3.53.1 [Wrangler]

### What version of Node are you using?

_No response_

### What operating system and version are you using?

Mac Ventura 13.5.2

### Describe the Bug

### Observed behavior
Triggers can bypass column data type validation when updating a row

### Expected behavior
Triggers should be restricted by a column's data type when performing updates

### Steps to reproduce
- Setup:
```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (
id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
val INTEGER NOT NULL
);

CREATE TRIGGER update_on_change AFTER
UPDATE OF val ON test FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE test
SET
val = 'not_an_integer'
WHERE
id = NEW.id;

END;

INSERT INTO test (id, val) VALUES ('test', 1);
```
- Trigger the trigger:
```sql
UPDATE test SET val=2 WHERE id='test'
```
- the `val` column of the `test` row (`val` is defined as an Integer) now contains Text

### Please provide a link to a minimal reproduction

_No response_

### Please provide any relevant error logs

_No response_

Beginne mit der SQL-Reproduktion in diesem Issue unter Verwendung von D1 und Wrangler 3.53.1 und überprüfe, ob der Trigger Text in der INTEGER-Spalte speichert. Verfolge den Update-Pfad des D1-Triggers und dessen Validierung des Datentyps nach und bestätige anschließend, dass dasselbe Update 'not_an_integer' ablehnt und den Spaltentyp beibehält.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.