Add output_data property to EstimatorBase class

**Describe the feature you'd like**

As documented here:
https://sagemaker.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/training/estimators.html#sagemaker.estimator.EstimatorBase.model_data, the `EstimatorBase` class provides a convenient method to pointing to the model .tar.gz archive location in S3 once `estimator.fit()` has been called.

Additionally to model data, SageMaker provides the ability to generate "output data" (different from "model data") when dumping files during training (e.g. experiment logs) to the directory defined by the environment variable `SM_OUTPUT_DATA_DIR`

Having a similar property in the `EstimatorBase` class, pointing to the output data .tar.gz archive location in S3 would be useful for developers wishing to manipulate that archive. It could be named, for example, `estimator.output_data`

**How would this feature be used? Please describe.**

Example use case:
1. Fit an estimator
2. During training, dump some files of interest to output data dir
3. Files are archived in output.tar.gz by SageMaker after .fit()
4. Access S3 location by using `estimator.output_data` and download output data archive locally.
5. Use output data archive locally, e.g. consult experiment logs

**Describe alternatives you've considered**

Compute the output_data location manually (potentially re-using the `.model_data` property)

まず EstimatorBase の model_data プロパティと、output.tar.gz の S3 ロケーションを決定する fit() のフローを読みます。トレーニング後に SM_OUTPUT_DATA_DIR がどのようにアーカイブされるかを追跡し、その後、新しい output_data プロパティが fit() の完了後にそのアーカイブロケーションを公開することを確認します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。