[feature request] C++ and Python client consumer add epoch.

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

[PIP-84](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-84-:-Pulsar-client:-Redeliver-command-add-epoch)

### Solution

Refer PR: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/10478

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

Need to write unit tests first to prove the problems mentioned in PIP, then prove that the problem can be solved by adding epoch.

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

先閱讀 PIP-84 和所參照的 PR #10478；issue 中沒有指定原始檔案或測試路徑。針對回報的 consumer 問題新增具針對性的 unit 測試涵蓋，並驗證測試能證明 epoch 支援可以解決這些問題。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。