[feature request] C++ and Python client consumer add epoch.

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

[PIP-84](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-84-:-Pulsar-client:-Redeliver-command-add-epoch)

### Solution

Refer PR: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/10478

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

Need to write unit tests first to prove the problems mentioned in PIP, then prove that the problem can be solved by adding epoch.

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

首先阅读 PIP-84 和所引用的 PR #10478；issue 中没有指定源文件或测试路径。针对报告的 consumer 问题添加有针对性的 unit 测试覆盖，并验证测试能够证明 epoch 支持可以解决这些问题。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。