[feature request] C++ and Python client support consumer memory limits.

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

[PIP-74](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-74%3A-Pulsar-client-memory-limits)

C++ client consumers have not implemented memory limits yet.

### Solution

There are several key points to achieving this feature.
1. Reconstructing the consumer structure.
- https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/16969
- Abstract `ConsumerBase`, put together some common logic.
2. Refactoring single-consumer and MultiTopicConsumer transports type.
- In the current implementation of C++, messages are sent to multi-topic consumers by blocking queue + listener, which is an old historical implementation. If you want to achieve memory limits, you need to do the same as the current java implementation, let `MuiltiTopicConsumer` take the initiative to control the message.

### Alternatives

Here's an imperfect draft: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/16933

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [x] I'm willing to submit a PR!

PIP-74 と、PR 16969 で説明されている ConsumerBase および MultiTopicConsumer の変更から始め、その後 PR 16933 の不完全なドラフトと比較します。完了とは、要求された C++ および Python クライアント向けのコンシューマーのメモリ制限制御を、MultiTopicConsumer のパスを含めて定義・実装することです。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。