[feature request] C++ and Python support negative acknowledgment backoff

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

[PIP-106](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-106%3A-Negative-acknowledgment-backoff)

### Solution

Refer java client: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/12566

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

If the `redeliveryCount` is greater than the DLQ configuration, it needs to be sent to the DLQ.

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

首先阅读 PIP-106 和所引用的 Java 客户端 pull request 12566，以了解 negative acknowledgment 的退避行为。跟踪相应的 C++ 和 Python 客户端路径，然后验证超出 DLQ 配置的 redeliveryCount 值会被发送到 DLQ，并且两个客户端的行为都与 Java 一致。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。