[feature request] C++ and Python support negative acknowledgment backoff

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

[PIP-106](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-106%3A-Negative-acknowledgment-backoff)

### Solution

Refer java client: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/12566

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

If the `redeliveryCount` is greater than the DLQ configuration, it needs to be sent to the DLQ.

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Start by reading PIP-106 and the referenced Java client pull request 12566 to understand the negative-acknowledgment backoff behavior. Trace the corresponding C++ and Python client paths, then verify that redeliveryCount values beyond the DLQ configuration are sent to the DLQ and that both clients match the Java behavior.

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