Add `CAST` to `parser.py`

### Feature Request / Improvement

I think I have somewhat of an idea on how to do this, so far have added the following to `parser.py`:

```py
CAST = CaselessKeyword("cast")
cast_expression = (CAST + "(" + column + "as" + identifier + Suppress(")")).set_results_name("cast")

# would need something special for the set_parse_action
```

I am wondering a couple of things:
Do we need a new class `CastableReference` or something? Worth expanding on the `Reference` class? And once that is done, how would we propagate the new type (Im assuming we need some way to go from a string to an `IcebergType` of the string the user has put into the cast operation) into the scan?

This was spawned from https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/issues/170

Happy to work on this, just would be awesome to get some context

从 parser.py 和 issue 170 中的上下文开始。跟踪现有的 Reference 类和解析操作，然后继续跟踪已解析的表达式如何到达 scan，以及字符串如何变成 IcebergType 值。完成的标准是 CAST 语法能够被解析，并且其目标类型能够传播到 scan。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。