Logical Expr serde should be stack safe

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

Noticed while working on https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/issues/5691 I was getting stack overflows while running tests (well actually a segfault but after some investigation I think it was just a quirk of my ARM mac and really the underlying issue was a stack overflow). I was able to run the tests by compiling them in release mode but the current recursive expression parsing/translation is not stack safe and will likely eventually cause issues.

Otherwise deeply nested expressions can cause a system crash.

### Describe the solution you'd like

Avoid recursion in `datafusion_proto::logical_plan::from_proto::parse_expr`

### Describe alternatives you've considered

Leave it as is and document as a known limitation

### Additional context

_No response_

Beginne bei datafusion_proto::logical_plan::from_proto::parse_expr und untersuche die rekursive Ausdrucksanalyse und -übersetzung, die im Issue beschrieben wird. Reproduziere den Fehler bei tief verschachtelten Ausdrücken mithilfe der relevanten Tests und verifiziere anschließend, dass das Parsen solcher Ausdrücke keinen Stacküberlauf mehr verursacht.

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