[Hardening] F-04: Insecure Default 2FA Provider Configuration (Opt-In Instead of Opt-Out).

### The required feature described as a wish

**Description:** A Static PIN is no more secure than a password. Arguably, it is not even a second factor at all, but merely a second step in the authentication process (more on this in the following findings). There may be cases where TOTP is not a viable option, and a Static PIN serves as an alternative. However, Static PIN should not be offered out-of-the-box or listed as an option, as users will naturally follow the path of least resistance toward the weaker method.

**Affected Components:** Management UI

**Impact:** The Static PIN makes the second factor as static and reusable as the password, defeating the purpose of 2FA. An attacker who obtains the PIN once retains persistent access. Replay attacks will succeed indefinitely, and the PIN is vulnerable to the same attacks as a password.

**Steps to Reproduce:**
- Log in to the CloudStack Management UI as a Root Admin.
- Navigate to Configuration > Global Settings.
- Search for `user.2fa.default.provider`, `user.2fa.providers.order`, and `user.2fa.providers.exclude`.
- Observe that Static PIN is not excluded and may be presented as a selectable option.

**Recommended Remediation:** Adopt a secure-by-default, opt-out model: set `user.2fa.default.provider` to TOTP, set `user.2fa.providers.order` to TOTP only by default, and add the Static PIN provider to `user.2fa.providers.exclude` unless explicitly re-enabled by an administrator.

从 Management UI 中 Configuration > Global Settings 的流程开始，跟踪 user.2fa.default.provider、user.2fa.providers.order 和 user.2fa.providers.exclude 的定义和呈现方式。完成的标准是 TOTP 为默认 provider，也是默认排序中的唯一 provider，而 Static PIN 被排除，除非管理员明确重新启用它；在 UI 中验证这三个设置。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。