[Hardening] F-04: Insecure Default 2FA Provider Configuration (Opt-In Instead of Opt-Out).

### The required feature described as a wish

**Description:** A Static PIN is no more secure than a password. Arguably, it is not even a second factor at all, but merely a second step in the authentication process (more on this in the following findings). There may be cases where TOTP is not a viable option, and a Static PIN serves as an alternative. However, Static PIN should not be offered out-of-the-box or listed as an option, as users will naturally follow the path of least resistance toward the weaker method.

**Affected Components:** Management UI

**Impact:** The Static PIN makes the second factor as static and reusable as the password, defeating the purpose of 2FA. An attacker who obtains the PIN once retains persistent access. Replay attacks will succeed indefinitely, and the PIN is vulnerable to the same attacks as a password.

**Steps to Reproduce:**
- Log in to the CloudStack Management UI as a Root Admin.
- Navigate to Configuration > Global Settings.
- Search for `user.2fa.default.provider`, `user.2fa.providers.order`, and `user.2fa.providers.exclude`.
- Observe that Static PIN is not excluded and may be presented as a selectable option.

**Recommended Remediation:** Adopt a secure-by-default, opt-out model: set `user.2fa.default.provider` to TOTP, set `user.2fa.providers.order` to TOTP only by default, and add the Static PIN provider to `user.2fa.providers.exclude` unless explicitly re-enabled by an administrator.

Beginnen Sie im Ablauf der Management UI für Configuration > Global Settings und verfolgen Sie, wie user.2fa.default.provider, user.2fa.providers.order und user.2fa.providers.exclude definiert und dargestellt werden. Als abgeschlossen gilt die Aufgabe, wenn TOTP der Standard und der einzige standardmäßig geordnete Provider ist, während Static PIN ausgeschlossen ist, sofern ein Administrator ihn nicht ausdrücklich wieder aktiviert; überprüfen Sie die drei Einstellungen in der UI.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.