[Java][CI] Pre-install the java dependencies in the dockerfile

See the comments: https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/master/ci/docker/debian-9-java.dockerfile#L25-L28
Or perhaps just use the mounted maven m2 repository.

**Reporter**: [Krisztian Szucs](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-7135) / @kszucs

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-7135](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-7135). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

檢查 ci/docker/debian-9-java.dockerfile 第 25-28 行附近的內容，並先閱讀所參照的註解。在預先安裝 Java 相依項目與使用掛載的 Maven M2 儲存庫之間做出選擇；完成的標準是 CI Docker 設定採用其中一種方式。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。