[Java][CI] Pre-install the java dependencies in the dockerfile

See the comments: https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/master/ci/docker/debian-9-java.dockerfile#L25-L28
Or perhaps just use the mounted maven m2 repository.

**Reporter**: [Krisztian Szucs](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-7135) / @kszucs

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-7135](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-7135). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

检查 ci/docker/debian-9-java.dockerfile 第 25-28 行附近的内容，并先阅读所引用的注释。在预安装 Java 依赖项和使用挂载的 Maven M2 仓库之间做出选择；完成的标准是 CI Docker 设置采用其中一种方式。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。