[Java][FlightRPC] Flight SQL JDBC driver improvements

Follow ups for ARROW-7744

- Rename internal classes to not imply everything is part of Flight RPC (e.g. ArrowFlightJdbcArray -> FieldVectorArray or similar)
- Don't throw bare exceptions (always provide some error context)
- Log a warning if the `arrow-flight:` URI scheme is used instead of `arrow-flight-sql:`
- Create a documentation page (that can be used for people approaching this from the JDBC side, not necessarily Arrow users)
- Document the connection string format and parameters
- Replace `// TODO` comments with `throw new UnsupportedOperationException()`
- Document how timestamp/time/date types are handled in converting between the two type schemas
- Document the type conversions in general
- [timestamp handling is suspect](https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13800#discussion_r938908230)
- Upgrade to JUnit5/AssertJ instead of JUnit4/Hamcrest
- Get rid of FreePortFinder
- Use a single (static?) RootAllocator with child allocators
- Remove all Guava usage (can we deny this with a lint?)
- See if `SqlTypes` can be folded into arrow-jdbc

**Reporter**: [David Li](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17729) / @lidavidm
#### Subtasks:
- [X] [[Docs][Java] Add documentation page for Flight SQL JDBC driver](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/32967)
- [X] [[Packaging] Add JDBC driver to release tasks](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/32976)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17729](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17729). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Comece separando os acompanhamentos restantes das duas subtarefas concluídas e, em seguida, inspecione os entry points do Flight SQL JDBC driver indicados pela issue e identifique quais itens não marcados ainda são aplicáveis. Concluído significa que as melhorias selecionadas, a documentação, os testes e a limpeza foram concluídos sem deixar a issue mais ampla ambígua.

Escrita pelo modelo de indexação a partir do texto da issue.