[Java] Ability to use a path based host when using the JDBC driver

### Describe the enhancement requested

From an infrastructure perspective, it would be easier for us to do path based routing for our Flight server instead of sub-domain based routing. For example, `https://mydomain.com/grpc/flight`. A model like this would allow us to create routing rules for all grpc services we expose within our company using shared architecture.

Looking around at `getUrlsArgs` , there seems to be no use for the `path` part of the JDBC URI, so I see a few ways this could be implemented:

```
jdbc:arrow-flight-sql://mydomain.com/grpc/flight:443
jdbc:arrow-flight-sql://https://mydomain.com/grpc/flight:443
jdbc:arrow-flight-sql://mydomain.com:443/grpc/flight
jdbc:arrow-flight-sql://https://mydomain.com:443/grpc/flight
```

This seems to be fairly uncommon, but there's at least one other driver that does this. For example, the Simba BigQuery connection looks like this:

```
jdbc:bigquery://https://www.googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443;ProjectId=;OAuthType=0;OAuthServiceAcctEmail=;OAuthPvtKeyPath=;
```

I'm not sure if this is already supported by the `Avatica` driver, so it may also need some changes there.

### Component(s)

Java

Bắt đầu bằng cách đọc logic getUrlsArgs được đề cập trong issue và theo dõi cách Java JDBC URI được phân tích. Kiểm tra xem driver Avatica có hỗ trợ host dựa trên path hay không, sau đó xác định dạng URI được chấp nhận và xác minh hành vi định tuyến tương ứng bằng các bài kiểm thử; issue không nêu tên các file hoặc bài kiểm thử cụ thể.

Do mô hình lập chỉ mục viết ra từ nội dung của issue.