feat(Slider): The Slider component should be able to properly display values with four or more digits

### Feature Description

The [Slider component](https://material.angular.dev/components/slider/overview) cannot display values with four or more digits properly in the thumb label.

The issue can be quickly seen by sliding one of the example sliders in the documentation all the way up:

At four digits, the text already overflows the container. A year looks even worse:

While the custom thumb label formatting feature slightly helps with this, the limit for a slider that looks decent is just three-digit values.

Looking at [Material Design sliders](https://m3.material.io/components/sliders/overview), I can see that the thumb label is much wider, and it's easy to imagine it expanding horizontally to accomodate more text:

The design of the Angular Material slider actually resembles the older M2 design with the smaller label:

### Use Case

This will enable the slider to be used for a lot of common use cases like selecting a date range.

Slider コンポーネントと、issue にリンクされているドキュメントのサンプルスライダーから始め、4桁の値と年を使ってオーバーフローを再現します。thumb-label の動作を Material Design の slider リファレンスと比較します。長い値がオーバーフローせずきれいに表示され、ドキュメント化されたサンプルを引き続き使用できれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。