bug(MatList): Angular Material List feature doesn't respect M3 specs

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

The MatList component in Angular Material does not fully adhere to the [Material Design 3 (M3) specifications for Lists](https://m3.material.io/components/lists/specs). Specifically:

- Icon alignment: Leading icons are not vertically centered as per M3 specs (should be 16px from the top/bottom of the list item).
- Padding: List items do not use the correct horizontal padding (16px for single-line, 24px for two-line).
- Typography: Text styles (e.g., mat-line) do not match M3’s typography tokens (e.g., body-large for primary text).
- etc...

In general, the visual consistency with the M3 design system is broken especially with "mutline" list items or with meta and/or actions (primary, secondary, menu). Furthermore, override API cannot help with some aspects like gaps and positionning.

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:
1. Create a MatList with leading icons and multi-line text.
2. Inspect the rendered DOM and compare with [M3 List specs](https://m3.material.io/components/lists/specs).
3. Observe misalignment in icon positioning, incorrect padding, or typography mismatches.

### Expected Behavior

M3 spec is respected.

### Actual Behavior

Lots of "legacy" M2 (?) design choices applied.

### Environment

- Angular: 22
- CDK/Material: 22
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 11

MatList コンポーネントから始め、先頭アイコンと複数行テキストを使って Chrome で問題を再現します。レンダリングされた DOM と視覚的な挙動を、リンク先の Material Design 3 の List 仕様と比較し、アイコンの配置、水平パディング、タイポグラフィ、間隔、アクションの位置に注目します。影響を受けるリストバリアントが記載された M3 要件に一致すれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。