bug(MatDatePicker): NativeDatePicker not using the correct format initially

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When I use the following setup:

```

provideNativeDateAdapter({
parse: {
dateInput: 'DD.MM.YYYY',
},
display: {
dateInput: 'DD.MM.YYYY',
monthYearLabel: 'MMM YYYY',
dateA11yLabel: 'LL',
monthYearA11yLabel: 'MMMM YYYY',
},
}),
{
provide: LOCALE_ID,
useValue: 'de-CH'
},
```

the DatePicker will show the date in the wrong format: "13.5.2025" instead of "13.05.2025". Why are the format options ignored?

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link:
Steps to reproduce:
1.
2.

### Expected Behavior

Date is formatted as "13.05.2025".

### Actual Behavior

Date is formatted as "13.5.2025".

### Environment

- Angular: 19.1.4
- CDK/Material: 19.1.5
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 11

Issue に示されている NativeDatePicker と provideNativeDateAdapter の設定から始め、de-CH ロケールと指定された dateInput 形式を使用します。初期表示を再現し、設定した形式が無視される理由を追跡します。picker が最初に日付を "13.05.2025" と表示すれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。