bug(cdk/dialog): parent injector not working correctly

### Is this a regression?

- [x] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

18

### Description

Tokens from the parent injector are not available.
The behaviour is different between a ngComponentOutlet and the injector added to dialog

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/stackblitz-starters-epebydgb
Steps to reproduce:
1.
2.

### Expected Behavior

Tokens from the parent injector are available

### Actual Behavior

Tokens from parent injector are not available

### Environment

```
_ _ ____ _ ___
/ \ _ __ __ _ _ _| | __ _ _ __ / ___| | |_ _|
/ △ \ | '_ \ / _` | | | | |/ _` | '__| | | | | | |
/ ___ \| | | | (_| | |_| | | (_| | | | |___| |___ | |
/_/ \_\_| |_|\__, |\__,_|_|\__,_|_| \____|_____|___|
|___/

Angular CLI: 19.0.0
Node: 18.20.3
Package Manager: npm 10.2.3
OS: linux x64

Angular: 19.0.0
... animations, build, cli, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core
... forms, platform-browser, router

Package Version
------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1900.0
@angular-devkit/core 19.0.0
@angular-devkit/schematics 19.0.0
@angular/cdk 19.0.5
@schematics/angular 19.0.0
rxjs 7.8.1
typescript 5.6.3
zone.js 0.15.0
```

Inizia con la riproduzione StackBlitz collegata e confronta il comportamento del parent injector di ngComponentOutlet con l'injector aggiunto a cdk/dialog. Traccia i punti di ingresso rilevanti del dialogo e dell'injector mostrati nella riproduzione. Il lavoro è completato quando i token del parent injector sono disponibili tramite il dialogo come previsto.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.