bug(tree): Using cdk-tree with ArrayDataSource and synchronous data, the isExpanded functionality can fail.

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Using cdk-tree with ArrayDataSource and synchronous data, the isExpanded functionality can fail.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/2ypkpy-yxnpzh?file=src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-tree-flat-children-accessor-example.ts
Steps to reproduce:
load the page

### Expected Behavior

All nodes automatically expand.

### Actual Behavior

Some nodes did not automatically expand.

### Environment

```
_ _ ____ _ ___
/ \ _ __ __ _ _ _| | __ _ _ __ / ___| | |_ _|
/ △ \ | '_ \ / _` | | | | |/ _` | '__| | | | | | |
/ ___ \| | | | (_| | |_| | | (_| | | | |___| |___ | |
/_/ \_\_| |_|\__, |\__,_|_|\__,_|_| \____|_____|___|
|___/

Angular CLI: 18.2.1
Node: 18.20.3
Package Manager: yarn 1.22.19
OS: linux x64

Angular: 18.2.2
... animations, cdk, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core, forms
... localize, material, material-experimental
... material-moment-adapter, platform-browser
... platform-browser-dynamic, router

Package Version
---------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1802.1
@angular-devkit/build-angular 18.2.1
@angular-devkit/core 18.2.1
@angular-devkit/schematics 18.2.1
@angular/cli 18.2.1
@schematics/angular 18.2.1
rxjs 7.4.0
typescript 5.5.4
zone.js 0.14.10
```

- Browser(s): Edge 127.0.2651.105
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 11

Beginne mit der StackBlitz-Reproduktion und ihrer Datei src/example/cdk-tree-flat-children-accessor-example.ts und lade dann die Seite, um zu beobachten, welche Knoten nicht erweitert werden können. Verfolge das Verhalten von cdk-tree bei synchronen ArrayDataSource-Daten und isExpanded. Als abgeschlossen gilt die Aufgabe, wenn die Reproduktion alle Knoten zuverlässig erweitert.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.