bug(MatDialog): Immediate navigation to a route after MatDialog is closed, crashes the Angular App / browser

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

I am loading a dialog to ask user to verify email. On the dialog there's also a link which can be clicked in case user wants to update their email. As soon as the user click Update Email link and dialog is closed the browser tab crashes and Chrome display `Aw, Snap! error`

### Reproduction

I am loading a dialog to ask user to verify email. On the dialog there's also a link which can be clicked in case user wants to update their email.

```
import('./verify-email-dialog.component').then((c) => {
let config = new MatDialogConfig();
config.viewContainerRef = this.viewContainerRef;
config.disableClose = true;
config.panelClass = "header-pattern";

this.dialogRef = this.dialog.open(c.VerifyEmailDialog, config);
this.dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe(result => {
if (result == 'updateEmail') {
this._router.navigate(['/account/manage/profile']);
return;
}

if (result === true) {
this.emailConfirmed = true;
}
});
});
```

Below is how I am closing dialog in case user click Update Email link in `VerifyEmailDialog`:

```
updateEmail() {
this.dialogRef.close('updateEmail');
}
```

As soon as the user click Update Email link and dialog is closed the browser tab crashes and Chrome display `Aw, Snap! error`

### Expected Behavior

it should work smoothly

### Actual Behavior

The browser crashes

### Environment

Angular CLI: 17.0.0-rc.4
Node: 18.18.2
Package Manager: npm 9.8.1
OS: win32 x64

Angular: 17.0.0-rc.3
... animations, cdk, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core, forms
... google-maps, material, platform-browser
... platform-browser-dynamic, platform-server, router
... service-worker

Package Version
---------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1700.0-rc.4
@angular-devkit/build-angular 17.0.0-rc.4
@angular-devkit/core 17.0.0-rc.4
@angular-devkit/schematics 17.0.0-rc.4
@angular/cli 17.0.0-rc.4
@angular/fire 16.0.0
@angular/pwa 17.0.0-rc.4
@schematics/angular 17.0.0-rc.4
rxjs 7.8.1
typescript 5.2.2
zone.js 0.14.0

再現で示されている MatDialog フローから始めます: dialog.open、afterClosed、dialogRef.close('updateEmail')、およびそれに続く router.navigate 呼び出しです。Angular 17 環境で即時ナビゲーションのシーケンスを再現します。ダイアログを閉じて /account/manage/profile にナビゲートしてもブラウザーがクラッシュしなくなれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。