feat(drag-and-drop): Allow more flexibility for position of *DragPreview directive relative to mouse position

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When I use the drag preview directive `*cdkDragPreview` for my horizontal list, the dragged item position is wrong

Possibly related #16171

### Reproduction

[StackBlitz link](https://stackblitz.com/edit/components-issue-1y4nnz?file=src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.html,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.css)

### Expected Behavior

`*cdkDragPreview` dragging position should be the same as the dragging position is without using `cdkDragPreview`

### Actual Behavior

The dragging position always started from the pointer edge, giving a undesired behavior

### Environment

- Angular: v16
- CDK/Material: v16
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): All

Comienza con los archivos de StackBlitz enlazados src/app/example-component.html, src/app/example-component.ts y src/app/example-component.css para reproducir el comportamiento de la lista horizontal con *cdkDragPreview. Después, sigue el punto de entrada de Angular CDK drag-preview y compara el desplazamiento del puntero con el arrastre sin la previsualización. Se considera completado cuando la previsualización conserva la posición esperada del elemento con respecto al puntero.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.