bug(form-field): mat-label disappears when density < -1

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Hi,
There seems to be an issue where the mat-labels disappear when the density of form-field is set to lower than -1. I don't think this is as designed...

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:
1. Set the density option to anything lower than -1, ex: `@include mat.form-field-density(-2);`
2. Include a mat-form-field with the appearance set to "fill", with a mat-label

notice the labels do not appear. (Their css is set as "display:none;")

Demo: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-wvlwej
In the stackblitz, you can see that the labels appear fine when density is set at >= -1, but anything lower and the label is hidden.


### Expected Behavior

The labels should be visible

### Actual Behavior

The labels are not visible

### Environment

- Angular: 15.1.3
- CDK/Material: 15.1.3
- Browser(s): Chrome Version 109.0.5414.120
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows

リンクされた StackBlitz の再現手順と、fill mat-form-field に対する mat.form-field-density(-2) 設定から始めます。-1 未満の密度における mat-label の生成済み CSS を調査します。完了条件は、ラベルが表示されたままであり、-1 以上の密度と同じ動作になり、再現したケースのリグレッションカバレッジがあることです。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。